By clicking on any of the topics at the left, you will open a selection of very common enquiries that I have received and answered on one of the larger question-and-answer platforms. Some of these questions are repeated almost weekly, suggesting that the information people have found previously has been confusing or contradictory.

 

     The answers offered here are supported by evidence from epidemiology and microbiology, and citations and references are given where available.  Information can be updated and at times is found to be no longer accurate given the improved understanding. For this reason, some of the information in these answers can appear different or vary from some of the often-repeated and long-standing concepts that may no longer be accurate or appropriate.

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At the same time, the answers and suggestions attempt to re-emphasize the high priority risk factors which are regularly shown to lead to outbreaks.

 

Where possible, citations or references have been included that can be useful for further reading.